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[1]楊建平,呂正祥,蔣濤,等.不放置引流管對中重度膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎初次全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后快速康復(fù)的影響[J].中醫(yī)正骨,2019,31(05):7-14.
　YANG Jianping,LYU Zhengxiang,JIANG Tao,et al.Effects of drainage tube on rapid rehabilitation after primary total knee arthroplasty in patients with moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis[J].The Journal of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology,2019,31(05):7-14.
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不放置引流管對中重度膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎初次全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后快速康復(fù)的影響()
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《中醫(yī)正骨》[ISSN:1001-6015/CN:41-1162/R]

卷:
第31卷
期數(shù):
2019年05期
頁碼:
7-14
欄目:
臨床研究
出版日期:
2019-05-20

文章信息/Info

Title:
Effects of drainage tube on rapid rehabilitation after primary total knee arthroplasty in patients with moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis
作者:
楊建平; 呂正祥; 蔣濤; 謝國華
(常州市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院,江蘇 常州 213003)
Author(s):
YANG Jianping; LYU Zhengxiang; JIANG Tao; XIE Guohua
Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changzhou 213003,Jiangsu,China
關(guān)鍵詞:
骨關(guān)節(jié)炎; 膝;  關(guān)節(jié)成形術(shù); 置換; 膝;  引流管;  康復(fù)
Keywords:
osteoarthritis; knee;  arthroplasty; replacement; knee;  drainage tube;  rehabilitation
摘要:
目的:觀察不放置引流管對中重度膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎初次全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后快速康復(fù)的影響。方法:采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表將符合要求的70例中重度膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎患者隨機(jī)分為引流管組和非引流管組,每組35例。2組患者均行全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)且在安裝骨水泥假體時(shí)使用止血帶,引流管組在切口閉合前放置負(fù)壓引流管并持續(xù)留置48 h,非引流管組正常閉合切口而不放置負(fù)壓引流管。記錄并比較2組患者的手術(shù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間、理論失血總量、輸血情況、膝關(guān)節(jié)主動(dòng)屈曲90°所需時(shí)間、血紅蛋白下降值、膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛視覺模擬量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)評分、膝關(guān)節(jié)周徑增加率、膝關(guān)節(jié)屈曲度、美國膝關(guān)節(jié)協(xié)會(huì)評分(knee society score,KSS)及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:①一般指標(biāo)。2組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間及理論失血總量比較,組間差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意[(87.11±7.16)min,(85.42±5.49)min,t=1.105,P=0.273;(7.74±2.20)d,(7.17±1.84)d,t=1.179,P=0.243;(1 268.00±299.86)mL,(1 170.00±182.62)mL,t=1.639,P=0.106]; 引流管組11例輸血、非引流管組8例輸血,2組患者輸血率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.650,P=0.420); 引流管組膝關(guān)節(jié)主動(dòng)屈曲90°所需時(shí)間長于非引流管組[(5.63±1.06)d,(4.91±1.15)d,t=2.206,P=0.009]。②血紅蛋白下降值。時(shí)間因素與分組因素不存在交互效應(yīng)(F=1.005,P=0.342); 2組患者血紅蛋白下降值總體比較,組間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,即不存在分組效應(yīng)(F=1.598,P=0.211); 手術(shù)前后不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)之間血紅蛋白下降值的差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,即存在時(shí)間效應(yīng)(F=16 255.255,P=0.000); 2組患者血紅蛋白下降值均呈先上升后平穩(wěn)再下降趨勢,且2組的變化趨勢完全一致[(31.26±2.84)g·L-1,(44.80±3.61)g·L-1,(44.09±3.97)g·L-1,(9.77±2.07)g·L-1,F=10 065.255,P=0.000;(30.00±3.09)g·L-1,(43.86±3.93)g·L-1,(43.14±3.85)g·L-1,(9.14±1.94)g·L-1,F=6 776.683,P=0.000]。③膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分。時(shí)間因素與分組因素不存在交互效應(yīng)(F=0.046,P=0.984); 2組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分總體比較,組間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,即不存在分組效應(yīng)(F=0.596,P=0.443); 手術(shù)前后不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)之間膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分的差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,即存在時(shí)間效應(yīng)(F=97.350,P=0.000); 2組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛VAS評分均呈降低趨勢,且2組的降低趨勢完全一致[(3.71±0.80)分,(3.44±0.87)分,(2.53±0.85)分,(1.74±0.76)分,F=65.184,P=0.000;(3.58±0.74)分,(3.29±0.99)分,(2.45±1.10)分,(1.67±0.79)分,F=38.258,P=0.000]。④膝關(guān)節(jié)周徑增加率。時(shí)間因素與分組因素不存在交互效應(yīng)(F=1.321,P=0.269); 2組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)周徑增加率總體比較,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,即存在分組效應(yīng)(F=19.211,P=0.000); 手術(shù)前后不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)之間膝關(guān)節(jié)周徑增加率的差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,即存在時(shí)間效應(yīng)(F=85.058,P=0.000); 2組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)周徑增加率隨時(shí)間均呈先上升后降低趨勢,但2組的變化趨勢不完全一致[(4.97±0.86)%,(5.84±0.83)%,(5.11±0.77)%,(3.96±0.77)%,F=34.279,P=0.000;(5.72±0.93)%,(6.51±0.98)%,(5.67±0.89)%,(4.22±0.84)%,F=52.107,P=0.000]; 術(shù)后1 d、3 d和6 d,引流管組膝關(guān)節(jié)周徑增加率均小于非引流管組(t=-3.522,P=0.001; t=-3.053,P=0.003; t=-2.808,P=0.007); 術(shù)后1個(gè)月,2組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)周徑增加率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-1.370,P=0.175)。⑤膝關(guān)節(jié)屈曲度。時(shí)間因素與分組因素存在交互效應(yīng)(F=3.402,P=0.011); 2組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)屈曲度總體比較,組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,即存在分組效應(yīng)(F=6.676,P=0.012); 手術(shù)前后不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)之間膝關(guān)節(jié)屈曲度的差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,即存在時(shí)間效應(yīng)(F=1 196.369,P=0.000); 2組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)屈曲度隨時(shí)間均呈先下降后上升趨勢,且2組的變化趨勢不完全一致(87.80°±4.92°,44.09°±5.52°,67.09°±4.18°,81.51°±6.24°,103.34°±6.18°,F=636.930,P=0.000; 86.34°±5.32°,49.02°±5.56°,69.29°±5.07°,83.03°±5.37°,104.46°±5.17°,F=561.441,P=0.000); 術(shù)后1 d、6 d、1個(gè)月和1年,2組患者膝關(guān)節(jié)屈曲度比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.190,P=0.238; t=-1.981,P=0.052; t=-1.089,P=0.280; t=-0.818,P=0.416); 術(shù)后3 d,引流管組膝關(guān)節(jié)屈曲度小于非引流管組(t=-3.734,P=0.000)。⑥KSS評分。術(shù)前和術(shù)后1年,2組患者KSS評分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[(67.00±4.32)分,(66.23±4.77)分,t=0.710,P=0.480;(159.85±5.93)分,(160.57±6.81)分,t=-0.468,P=0.641]; 術(shù)后1年,2組患者KSS評分均較術(shù)前增加(t=-85.886,P=0.000; t=-81.456,P=0.000)。⑦安全性。引流管組2例發(fā)生無癥狀性肌間靜脈血栓,1例發(fā)生切口相關(guān)并發(fā)癥; 非引流管組3例發(fā)生無癥狀性肌間靜脈血栓,3例發(fā)生切口相關(guān)并發(fā)癥。切口相關(guān)并發(fā)癥經(jīng)對癥處理后,切口均完全愈合; 無癥狀性肌間靜脈血栓給予常規(guī)抗凝處理后,血栓消失。2組患者均無手術(shù)相關(guān)感染、肺栓塞等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。2組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.510,P=0.475)。結(jié)論:在中重度膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎初次全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后不放置引流管,能早期改善膝關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)度,并發(fā)癥少,雖然對早期預(yù)防血腫形成不利,但對膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛緩解和膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù)無明顯影響,有利于術(shù)后快速康復(fù)的實(shí)施。
Abstract:
Objective:To observe the effects of drainage tube on rapid rehabilitation after primary total knee arthroplasty(TKA)in patients with moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods:Seventy patients with moderate-to-severe KOA were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into drainage tube group and non-drainage tube group by using random digits table,35 cases in each group.The TKA were performed on all patients in the 2 groups,and a tourniquet was used when the bone cement prosthesis was installed.The negative-pressure drainage tube was placed before the incision was closed and was retained for 48 hours in patients of drainage tube group,while the incision was normally closed and no negative-pressure drainage tube was placed in patients of non-drainage tube group.The operative time,hospital stay,theoretical total blood loss,blood transfusion,the time spent in bending knee initiatively to a angle of 90 degrees,decreased values of hemoglobin(Hb)content,knee pain visual analogue scale(VAS)score,knee circumference increasing rate,knee flexion-extension range,American knee society score(KSS)and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the 2 groups.Results:There was no statistical difference in operative time,hospital stay and theoretical total blood loss between the 2 groups(87.11+/-7.16 vs 85.42+/-5.49 min,t=1.105,P=0.273; 7.74+/-2.20 vs 7.17+/-1.84 days,t=1.179,P=0.243; 1 268.00+/-299.86 vs 1 170.00+/-182.62 mL,t=1.639,P=0.106).Blood transfusions were performed on 11 patients in drainage tube group and 8 patients in non-drainage tube group.There was no statistical difference in the blood transfusion rate between the 2 groups(χ2=0.650,P=0.420).The time spent in bending knee initiatively to a angle of 90 degrees was longer in drainage tube group compared to non-drainage tube group(5.63+/-1.06 vs 4.91+/-1.15 days,t=2.206,P=0.009).There was no interaction between time factor and group factor in decreased values of Hb content(F=1.005,P=0.342).There was no statistical difference in decreased values of Hb content between the 2 groups in general,in other words,there was no group effect(F=1.598,P=0.211).There was statistical difference in decreased values of Hb content between different timepoints before and after the surgery,in other words,there was time effect(F=16 255.255,P=0.000).The decreased values of Hb content presented a time-dependent trend of increasing firstly and keeping subsequently and decreasing finally in both of the 2 groups,and the 2 groups were consistent with each other in the variation tendency of decreased values of Hb content(31.26+/-2.84,44.80+/-3.61,44.09+/-3.97,9.77+/-2.07 g/L,F=10 065.255,P=0.000; 30.00+/-3.09,43.86+/-3.93,43.14+/-3.85,9.14+/-1.94 g/L,F=6 776.683,P=0.000).There was no interaction between time factor and group factor in knee pain VAS scores(F=0.046,P=0.984).There was no statistical difference in knee pain VAS scores between the 2 groups in general,in other words,there was no group effect(F=0.596,P=0.443).There was statistical difference in knee pain VAS scores between different timepoints before and after the surgery,in other words,there was time effect(F=97.350,P=0.000).The knee pain VAS scores presented a time-dependent decreasing trend in both of the 2 groups,and the 2 groups were consistent with each other in the decreasing trend of knee pain VAS scores(3.71+/-0.80,3.44+/-0.87,2.53+/-0.85,1.74+/-0.76 points,F=65.184,P=0.000; 3.58+/-0.74,3.29+/-0.99,2.45+/-1.10,1.67+/-0.79 points,F=38.258,P=0.000).There was no interaction between time factor and group factor in knee circumference increasing rate(F=1.321,P=0.269).There was statistical difference in knee circumference increasing rate between the 2 groups in general,in other words,there was group effect(F=19.211,P=0.000).There was statistical difference in knee circumference increasing rate between different timepoints before and after the surgery,in other words,there was time effect(F=85.058,P=0.000).The knee circumference increasing rate presented a time-dependent trend of increasing firstly and decreasing subsequently in both of the 2 groups,and the 2 groups were inconsistent with each other in the knee circumference increasing rate(4.97+/-0.86,5.84+/-0.83,5.11+/-0.77,3.96+/-0.77%,F=34.279,P=0.000; 5.72+/-0.93,6.51+/-0.98,5.67+/-0.89,4.22+/-0.84%,F=52.107,P=0.000).The knee circumference increasing rate was smaller in drainage tube group compared to non-drainage tube group at postoperative day 1,3 and 6(t=-3.522,P=0.001; t=-3.053,P=0.003; t=-2.808,P=0.007).There was no statistical difference in knee circumference increasing rate between the 2 groups at 1 month after the surgery(t=-1.370,P=0.175).There was interaction between time factor and group factor in knee flexion-extension range(F=3.402,P=0.011).There was statistical difference in knee flexion-extension range between the 2 groups in general,in other words,there was group effect(F=6.676,P=0.012).There was statistical difference in knee flexion-extension range between different timepoints before and after the surgery,in other words,there was time effect(F=1 196.369,P=0.000).The knee flexion-extension range presented a time-dependent trend of decreasing firstly and increasing subsequently in both of the 2 groups,and the 2 groups were inconsistent with each other in the knee flexion-extension range(87.80+/-4.92,44.09+/-5.52,67.09+/-4.18,81.51+/-6.24,103.34+/-6.18 degrees,F=636.930,P=0.000; 86.34+/-5.32,49.02+/-5.56,69.29+/-5.07,83.03+/-5.37,104.46+/-5.17 degrees,F=561.441,P=0.000).There was no statistical difference in knee flexion-extension range between the 2 groups at 1 day,6 days,1 month and 1 year after the surgery(t=1.190,P=0.238; t=-1.981,P=0.052; t=-1.089,P=0.280; t=-0.818,P=0.416).The knee flexion-extension range was smaller in drainage tube group compared to non-drainage tube group at postoperative day 3(t=-3.734,P=0.000).There was no statistical difference in KSS scores between the 2 groups before the surgery and at 1 year after the surgery(67.00+/-4.32 vs 66.23+/-4.77 points,t=0.710,P=0.480; 159.85+/-5.93 vs 160.57+/-6.81 points,t=-0.468,P=0.641).The KSS scores increased in both of the 2 groups at 1 year after the surgery compared to pre-surgery(t=-85.886,P=0.000; t=-81.456,P=0.000).The asymptomatic intermuscular venous thrombosis were found in 2 patients of drainage tube group and 3 patients of non-drainage tube group,and incision-related complications were found in 1 patient of drainage tube group and 3 patients of non-drainage tube group.The incision healed completely after the incision-related complications were treated with symptomatic supportive treatment,and the asymptomatic intermuscular venous thrombosis disappeared after conventional anticoagulation.No complications such as surgery-related infection and pulmonary embolism were found in the 2 groups.There was no statistical difference in complication incidences between the 2 groups(χ2=0.510,P=0.475).Conclusion:Non-drainage can improve the range of motion of knee in the early period after primary TKA in patients with moderate-to-severe KOA,and it has less complications.Although it is detrimental to the early prevention of hematoma formation,it has no obvious effect on knee pain relief and knee function recovery,and it is conducive to the implementation of postoperative rapid rehabilitation.

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通訊作者:呂正祥 E-mail:[email protected]
更新日期/Last Update: 2019-05-20